“Ukraine Uncensored - In 2020 Putin hinted that a particular republic unjustly acquired historical Russian territories when the Soviet Union dissolved.”

https://ukraineuncensored.quora.com/In-2020-Putin-hinted-that-a-particular-republic-unjustly-acquired-historical-Russian-territories-when-the-Soviet-Union-d

Geopolitika:

“RUSSIA NEEDS NOVOROSSIYA”

https://www.geopolitika.ru/en/article/russia-needs-novorossiya

Katehon:

“TO WHOM MAY GO THE TERRITORIES OF UKRAINE?”

(link removed from public sources due to eu regulations blocking reproduction of katehon content)

Twitter:

“Beautiful Maps - Territories annexed to Ukraine 1654 - 2014”

https://twitter.com/BeautifulMaps/status/465948750046052352

Reddit:

“r/MapPorn - Expansion of Ukrainian territory”

https://www.reddit.com/r/MapPorn/comments/dwrbl0/expansion_of_ukrainian_territory/

Euromaidan Press:

“Russian State Duma to the Polish Foreign Ministry: let’s divide Ukraine”

https://euromaidanpress.com/2014/03/24/russian-state-duma-to-the-polish-foreign-ministry-lets-divide-ukraine/

Wikipedia:

“1904 Map showing Little Russia and South Russia”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1904_Map_showing_Little_Russia_and_South_Russia.pdf

Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vilbrekht - via Wikimedia:

“Atlas of Russian Empire. 1800 year. List 38. Novorossiyskaya Province from 12 uyezds”

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RussianEmpireMap1800-38-NovorossiyskayaProvince.jpg

Wilson Center:

“Meeting of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/meeting-presidium-supreme-soviet-union-soviet-socialist-republics

Newspaper of the Supreme Council of the USSR - via Wikimedia:

“The transfer of Crimea”

https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_transfer_of_Crimea.jpg

Wikimedia - by Wikimedia user “Gabagool”

“Locator map of Russia (big), c. 1600. (Partially based on Atlas of World History (2007) - The World 1500-1600, map)”

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RussianEmpire1600.png

Licence: CC-BY 3.0

“Kiev Regime”?

The Wall Street Journal:

“U.S. Lauds Ukraine Election Amid Hopes for Easing Standoff”

https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-WB-45900

(specific section)

https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-WB-45900#:~:text=Russian%20Foreign%20Minister,of%20the%20election.

Proxy War?

Liberation News:

“Antiwar marchers honor MLK, say ‘NO’ to NATO proxy war in Ukraine”

https://www.liberationnews.org/anti-war-marchers-honor-mlk-say-no-to-nato-proxy-war-in-ukraine/

ANSWER Coalition:

“Take to the streets Sat. Jan. 14 in NYC: Peace in Ukraine — Yes! NATO expansion — NO!”

https://www.answercoalition.org/take_to_the_streets_sat_jan_14_in_nyc_peace_in_ukraine_yes_nato_expansion_no

The Guardian (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Scott Trust Limited):

“‘That’s our guy’: how UK military chief became key Nato liaison in Ukraine”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/26/how-uk-military-chief-became-key-nato-liaison-in-ukraine-tony-radakin

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): British State):

“Germany confirms it will provide Ukraine with Leopard 2 tanks”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-64391272

Salon:

“Leaked papers reveal reality behind Ukraine war propaganda — and it’s grim”

https://www.salon.com/2023/04/24/leaked-papers-reveal-reality-behind-ukraine-propaganda—and-its-grim/

(specific section)

https://www.salon.com/2023/04/24/leaked-papers-reveal-reality-behind-ukraine-propaganda—and-its-grim/#:~:text=The%20publication%20of%20these%20assessments%20should%20lead%20to%20renewed%20calls%20for%20our%20government%20to%20level%20with%20the%20public%20about%20what%20it%20realistically%20hopes%20to%20achieve%20by%20prolonging%20the%20bloodshed%2C%20and%20why%20it%20continues%20to%20reject%20the%20resumption%20of%20the%20promising%20peace%20negotiations%20it%C2%A0blocked%20in%20April%202022.%C2%A0

The Daily Mail:

“Leaked Pentagon documents show US knows more about Russian military operations than Ukraine’s - despite funding Zelensky’s fight against Putin to the tune of $200B”

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11953691/Leaked-documents-suggest-knows-Putins-war-operations-Zelenskys.html

The European Conservative:

“Former Israeli PM: West Blocked Russo-Ukraine Peace Deal”

https://europeanconservative.com/articles/news/former-israeli-pm-west-blocked-russo-ukraine-peace-deal/

Aaron Maté - via Twitter:

“Former Israeli PM Naftali Bennet: NATO “decided that it is necessary to continue to smash Putin, and not to negotiate… They broke off the negotiations, and then it seemed to me that they were wrong.””

https://twitter.com/aaronjmate/status/1622224398462730244

Naftali Bennett - via YouTube:

“Bennett speaks”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qK9tLDeWBzs

The Biolabs

Dilyana Gaytandzhieva - via Twitter:

“The US Embassy in Ukraine has just deleted from its website all documents about 11 Pentagon-funded biolaboratories in Ukraine.”

https://twitter.com/dgaytandzhieva/status/1497556518278991873

“These are the documents which the US Embassy does not want you to see”

https://twitter.com/dgaytandzhieva/status/1497556837159288833

US Embassy in Ukraine:

“Biological Threat Reduction Program”

https://ua.usembassy.gov/embassy/kyiv/sections-offices/defense-threat-reduction-office/biological-threat-reduction-program/

Dilyana.bg:

“The Pentagon Bio-weapons”

https://dilyana.bg/the-pentagon-bio-weapons/

(specific sections)

https://dilyana.bg/the-pentagon-bio-weapons/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20Pentagon%20laboratories%20is%20located%20in%20Kharkiv%2C%20where%20in%20January%202016%20at%20least%2020%20Ukrainian%20soldiers%20died%20from%20Flu%2Dlike%20virus%20in%20just%20two%20days%20with%20200%20more%20being%20hospitalized.%20The%20Ukrainian%20government%20did%20not%20report%20on%20the%20dead%20Ukrainian%20soldiers%20in%20Kharkiv.

https://dilyana.bg/the-pentagon-bio-weapons/#:~:text=115%20Botulism%20cases,US.%20(see%20below)

Donbass News Agency - via Wayback Machine:

“Deadly virus leaked from US laboratory in Donbass - DPR Army and Intelligence”

https://web.archive.org/web/20180418052020/https:/dninews.com/article/deadly-virus-leaked-us-laboratory-donbass-dpr-army-and-intelligence

BBC Monitoring (Relevant Stakeholder(s): British State):

“Russian TV peddles fake story about secret gas test in London metro”

https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/product/c1dp2xz8

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): British State):

“Gas to be released on Underground to test fallout”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22901700

(specific section)

(https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-22901700#:~:text=Stations%20where%20the,Piccadilly%20Circus)

Russian Defence Ministry:

“Briefing by the Chief of Troops of the Russian Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant General Igor Kirillov, on the analysis of documents related to US military-biological activities”

https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12476086

Chapter 7. Genocide

Defining Genocide

United Nations (Office on Genocide Prevention):

“Definition - Genocide”

https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml

(specific sections)

https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml#:~:text=The%20word%20%E2%80%9Cgenocide,an%20international%20crime.

https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml#:~:text=In%20the%20present,to%20another%20group.

https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/genocide.shtml#:~:text=The%20popular%20understanding,or%20religious%20group.

Russian Rhetoric

Kremlin:

“Address by the President of the Russian Federation”

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843

(specific section)

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67843#:~:text=For%C2%A0eight%20years,all%20of%C2%A0us.

TASS (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Russian State):

“About 14,000 people killed during conflict in Donbass, top Ukrainian diplomat says”

https://tass.com/world/1289095

(specific section)

https://tass.com/world/1289095#:~:text=Russia%20has%20stressed%20more%20than%20once%20that%20it%20is%20not%20a%20party%20to%20the%20intra%2DUkrainian%20conflict%20in%20Donbass%20and%20that%20it%20is%20in%20favor%20of%20the%20full%20implementation%20of%20the%20Minsk%20agreements%2C%20which%20it%20signed%20as%20a%20mediator%20in%20the%20peaceful%20settlement%20process.

Language Changes

Russia Beyond (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Russian State):

“Ukraine abolishes law on languages of minorities, including Russian”

https://www.rbth.com/news/2014/02/23/ukraine_abolishes_law_on_languages_of_minorities_including_russian_34486.html

Kyiv Post:

“Parliament passes Ukrainian language bill”

https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/parliament-passes-ukrainian-language-bill.html

(relevant sections)

https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/parliament-passes-ukrainian-language-bill.html#:~:text=According%20to%20the,to%2080%20percent.

https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/parliament-passes-ukrainian-language-bill.html#:~:text=Under%20the%20bill%2C%20all%20schools%20and%20universities%20will%20be%20required%20to%20teach%20in%20Ukrainian.

RGRU (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Russian State)

“Russian was recognized in the DPR as the only state language”

https://rg.ru/2020/03/06/russkij-priznali-v-dnr-edinstvennym-gosudarstvennym-iazykom.html

VZRU (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Russian State)

“Donbass and Crimea forget the Ukrainian language”

https://vz.ru/world/2017/6/7/286098.html

(specific section)

https://vz.ru/world/2017/6/7/286098.html#:~:text=The%20head%20of%20the%20self,this%20figure%20has%20reached%20100%25.%22

https://vz.ru/world/2017/6/7/286098.html#:~:text=50%25%20of%20students,study%20in%20Ukrainian

https://vz.ru/world/2017/6/7/286098.html#:~:text=She%20explained%20the%20decline%20in%20the%20popularity%20of%20the%20Ukrainian%20language%20as%20follows%3A%20%E2%80%9CDonbass%20is%20part%20of%20the%20Russian%20world.%20We%20want%20to%20speak%20Russian%2C%20learn%20Russian.%E2%80%9D

France24 (Relevant Stakeholder(s): French State):

“Russian speakers reject the ‘language of the enemy’ by learning Ukrainian”

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220530-russian-speakers-in-ukraine-reject-the-language-of-the-enemy-by-learning-ukrainian

EU Observer:

“The Russian language ‘problem’ inside Ukraine”

https://euobserver.com/opinion/154963

(specific section)

https://euobserver.com/opinion/154963#:~:text=Over%20the%20past%20decade%2C%20the%20number%20of%20those%20who%20consider%20Ukrainian%20their%20native%20language%20has%20increased%20from%2057%20percent%20to%2080%20percent%2C%20and%20only%2016%20percent%20considered%20Russian%20their%20native%20language%2C%20while%20there%20were%20more%20than%2040%20percent%20of%20the%20latter%20in%202012.

The Data on Deaths

System Block:

“Infographics - Last straw? How many civilians and soldiers died on the territory of the DPR in 8 years of hostilities”

https://sysblok.ru/society/byl-li-genocid-statistika-gibeli-zhitelej-donbassa-v-2014-2021-godah/

Human Rights Ombudsman in the Donetsk People’s Republic:

“INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY SHOULD FINALLY REALIZE ITS RESPONSIBILITY FOR WHAT IS HAPPENING IN DONBASS – DARIA MOROZOVA”

https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/international-community-should-finally-realize-its-responsibility-for-what-is-happening-in-donbass-daria-morozova/

(specific section)

https://eng.ombudsman-dnr.ru/international-community-should-finally-realize-its-responsibility-for-what-is-happening-in-donbass-daria-morozova/#:~:text=the%20lack%20of%20a%20proper%20response%20to%20acts%20of%20genocide%20against%20the%20inhabitants%20of%20the%20DPR%20and%20LPR%20should%20be%20regarded%20as%20complicity%20with%20the%20criminal%20Kyiv%20regime

“Annual Reports”

https://ombudsman-dnr.ru/doklad-upolnomochennogo-po-pravam-cheloveka-v-donetskoy-narodnoy-respublike/

The Dehumanisation Factor

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Ukraine war: Is Russia committing genocide?”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61017352

(specific sections)

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61017352#:~:text=Eugene%20Finkel%2C%20an,focusing%20on%20Ukrainians.%22

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-61017352#:~:text=Gregory%20Stanton%2C%20founding,in%20this%20case.%22

The Moscow Times (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Sanoma Corporation)

https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/24/talking-smack-about-ukrainians-and-russians-a37647

(specific section)

https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/24/talking-smack-about-ukrainians-and-russians-a37647#:~:text=Other%20insulting%20names%20include%20%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%20(Dill%2Dland)%2C%20from%C2%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%20(Dills).%20Here%20is%20a%C2%A0comment%20on%C2%A0the%20Ukrainian%20orphans%20taken%20into%C2%A0Russia%3A%20%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82.%20%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B%20%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%82%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%85%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE.%20(Dill%2Dland%20is%20making%20a%C2%A0ruckus.%20The%C2%A0Dills%20want%20their%20orphans%20back).

Al Jazeera (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Qatari State):

“‘Orcs’ and ‘Rashists’: Ukraine’s new language of war”

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/3/orcs-and-rashists-ukraines-new-language-of-war

NBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Comcast Corporation)

“EXCLUSIVE: Vice President Dick Cheney, in his first Sunday interview in six months, discusses the war in Iraq.”

https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080244

(specific sections)

https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080244#:~:text=VICE%20PRES.%20DICK%20CHENEY%3A%20My%20belief%20is%20we%20will%2C%20in%20fact%2C%20be%20greeted%20as%20liberators.

https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080244#:~:text=We%20learned%20more,as%20safe%20haven.

https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna3080244#:~:text=The%20fact%20is,since%20the%20war.

Coalition Provisional Authority - via Wayback Machine:

“Order Number 1: De-Ba’athification of Iraqi Society”

https://web.archive.org/web/20040621014307/http://www.iraqcoalition.org/regulations/20030516_CPAORD_1_De-Ba_athification_of_Iraqi_Society_.pdf

History Hit:

“5 Examples of Anti-Japanese Propaganda During World War Two”

https://www.historyhit.com/examples-of-anti-japanese-propaganda-during-world-war-two/

Wikipedia:

“Internment of Japanese Americans”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans

Smithsonian Museum (Relevant Stakeholder(s): US State)

“A More Perfect Union - Japanese Americans & the U.S. Constitution”

https://amhistory.si.edu/perfectunion/non-flash/removal_process.html

Atomic Archive:

“Potsdam Declaration”

https://www.atomicarchive.com/resources/documents/hiroshima-nagasaki/potsdam.html

(specific section)

https://www.atomicarchive.com/resources/documents/hiroshima-nagasaki/potsdam.html#:~:text=The%20alternative%20for%20Japan%20is%20prompt%20and%20utter%20destruction.

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library:

“ARTICLE BY VLADIMIR PUTIN ”ON THE HISTORICAL UNITY OF RUSSIANS AND UKRAINIANS”

https://www.prlib.ru/en/article-vladimir-putin-historical-unity-russians-and-ukrainians

(specific section)

https://www.prlib.ru/en/article-vladimir-putin-historical-unity-russians-and-ukrainians#:~:text=During%20the%C2%A0recent%20Direct%20Line%2C%20when%20I%C2%A0was%20asked%20about%20Russian%2DUkrainian%20relations%2C%20I%C2%A0said%20that%20Russians%20and%C2%A0Ukrainians%20were%20one%20people%C2%A0%E2%80%93%20a%C2%A0single%20whole.

Ukrainian Rhetoric

Al Jazeera (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Qatari State)

“Ukraine’s president accuses Russia of committing ‘genocide’”

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/3/ukraines-president-calls-civilian-killings-by-russia-genocide

Forced Transfers

Human Rights Watch:

““We Had No Choice” “Filtration” and the Crime of Forcibly Transferring Ukrainian Civilians to Russia”

https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/09/01/we-had-no-choice/filtration-and-crime-forcibly-transferring-ukrainian-civilians

Chapter 8. The First Casualty

Media Trust and Literacy

Statista:

“Share of adults who trust news media most of the time in selected countries worldwide as of February 2022”

https://www.statista.com/statistics/308468/importance-brand-journalist-creating-trust-news/

Florida Atlantic University Libraries:

“Fact-Checking Using 4 Moves”

https://libguides.fau.edu/digital-media-literacy/evaluating-resources

Cornell University Library:

“Infographic: Tips for Spotting Fake [False] News”

https://guides.library.cornell.edu/evaluate_news/infographic

The China Case Study

Ukraine Council - via Quora:

“State controlled Chinese media are proposing a Germany-like partition of Ukraine”

https://ukrainecouncil.quora.com/State-controlled-Chinese-media-are-proposing-a-Germany-like-partition-of-Ukraine-To-which-Ukraine-could-counterpropose

Zhao DaShuai - via Twitter:

“a viable demilitarized zone can be as large as all Ukraine territories East of the Dnieper river”

https://twitter.com/zhao_dashuai/status/1628957916580679681

Chinese Foreign Ministry:

“China’s Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukraine Crisis”

https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/zxxx_662805/202302/t20230224_11030713.html

The Guardian (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Scott Trust Limited)

“Zelenskiy open to China’s peace plan but rejects compromise with ‘sick’ Putin”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/24/zelenskiy-open-to-chinas-peace-plan-but-rejects-compromise-with-sick-putin

Russian Media Crackdown

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Ukraine invasion: Russia restricts social media access”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-60533083

(source re-used from Ukraine Narratives)

Radio Free Europe (Relevant Stakeholder(s): US State):

“Russian Government Orders Media Outlets To Delete Stories Referring To ‘Invasion’ Or ‘Assault’ On Ukraine”

https://www.rferl.org/a/roskomnadzor-russia-delete-stories-invasion/31724838.html

(source re-used from Ukraine Narratives)

Roskomnadzor:

“Established facts of dissemination of false information in the media”

https://rkn.gov.ru/news/rsoc/news74112.htm

Russian State Duma:

“Amendments on liability for fakes about the work of state bodies of the Russian Federation abroad have been adopted”

http://duma.gov.ru/news/53773/

(specific sections)

http://duma.gov.ru/news/53773/#:~:text=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%B2,%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%A0%D0%A4.

http://duma.gov.ru/news/53773/#:~:text=%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C%C2%A0%D1%88%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%20%D0%B2%C2%A0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%20%D0%BE%D1%82%C2%A0700%20%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81.%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%C2%A01%2C5%20%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%BD%20%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%A0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%C2%A0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82.

http://duma.gov.ru/news/53773/#:~:text=%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%C2%A0%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D1%82%D0%BE%C2%A0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%82%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%C2%A0%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%20%D0%BE%D1%82%C2%A010%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%C2%A015%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82.

The Moscow Times (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Sanoma Corporation)

“Novaya Gazeta Launches European Edition in Bid to Dodge Kremlin Censorship”

https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/04/07/novaya-gazeta-launches-european-edition-in-bid-to-dodge-kremlin-censorship-a77261

“Liberal Russian TV Dozhd Suspending Operations Over Ukraine Ban”

https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/03/liberal-russian-tv-dozhd-suspending-operations-over-ukraine-ban-a76744

Vedomosti:

“Roskomnadzor launched an automatic search for prohibited content “Oculus””

https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2023/02/13/962682-roskomnadzor-zapustil-sistemu-poiska-okulus

(specific sections)

https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2023/02/13/962682-roskomnadzor-zapustil-sistemu-poiska-okulus#:~:text=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%20%D0%B2%20%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%A7%D0%A6%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%82%20%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BC%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%20%D0%B2%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5.%20%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D1%81%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9%20%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B.

https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2023/02/13/962682-roskomnadzor-zapustil-sistemu-poiska-okulus#:~:text=%C2%AB%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%81%C2%BB%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%20%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%2C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%8B%20%D0%BA%20%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BC%20%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%2C%20%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83%2C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%2C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%20%D0%9B%D0%93%D0%91%D0%A2%20%D0%B8%20%D0%B4%D1%80.%C2%BB%2C%20%E2%80%93%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%20%D0%BE%D0%BD.

https://www.vedomosti.ru/technology/articles/2023/02/13/962682-roskomnadzor-zapustil-sistemu-poiska-okulus#:~:text=%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.-,%D0%94%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8B%20%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%20%D0%93%D0%A0%D0%A7%D0%A6%20%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%20%C2%AB%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E%C2%BB%2C%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB,200%C2%A0000%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D0%B2%20%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8%20(%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%20%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B4%20%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%20%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5).,-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C

Center for the Protection of Media Rights:

“All about the status of a foreign agent: legal advice”

https://mmdc.ru/services/common/vse-o-statuse-inoagenta-pravovye-rekomendaczii/

(specific section)

“NOTES FOR FOREIGN AGENTS”

https://mmdc.ru/services/common/vse-o-statuse-inoagenta-pravovye-rekomendaczii/#11

Meduza:

“The State Duma came up with a new law on “foreign agents”. And this is bad news. It was proposed to include in the register those who are under “foreign influence” and relatives of “foreign agents”

https://meduza.io/feature/2022/04/25/v-gosdume-pridumali-novyy-zakon-ob-inoagentah-i-eto-plohaya-novost

(specific sections)

https://meduza.io/feature/2022/04/25/v-gosdume-pridumali-novyy-zakon-ob-inoagentah-i-eto-plohaya-novost#:~:text=%D0%94%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2,%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81.

https://meduza.io/feature/2022/04/25/v-gosdume-pridumali-novyy-zakon-ob-inoagentah-i-eto-plohaya-novost#:~:text=%C2%AB%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%20%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%C2%BB%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%20%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%20%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%20(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%2C%20%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%20%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BC%2C%20%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C%20%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B8)%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%20%D0%B8%D0%BC%C2%A0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%E2%80%94%C2%A0%C2%AB%D0%B2%C2%A0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%20%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C%20%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%C2%BB.

The Moscow Times (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Sanoma Corporation)

“Putin Signs Expanded ‘Foreign Agents’ Law”

https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/07/14/putin-signs-expanded-foreign-agents-law-a78298

TASS (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Russian State) - via Telegram

“Vladimir Putin signed a law on fines of up to 500,000 rubles for discrediting volunteers participating in a special military operation.”

https://t.me/tass_agency/184773

Roskomnadzor - via Telegram:

“To the attention of the media and other information resources, Roskomnadzor informs the media and information resources of the need to use information and data obtained exclusively from federal and regional executive authorities when preparing and publishing materials related to mobilization activities in the Russian Federation.”

https://t.me/rkn_tg/340

Western Media Crackdown

European Audiovisual Observatory:
“The implementation of EU sanctions against RT and Sputnik”
https://rm.coe.int/note-rt-sputnik/1680a5dd5d

MSN (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Microsoft)

“YouTube bans Russia Today, Sputnik and connected Russian media channels in Europe”

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/youtube-bans-russia-today-sputnik-and-connected-russian-media-channels-in-europe/ar-AAUrVi2

(source re-used from Ukraine Narratives)

European Council:

“EU imposes sanctions on state-owned outlets RT/Russia Today and Sputnik’s broadcasting in the EU”

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/03/02/eu-imposes-sanctions-on-state-owned-outlets-rt-russia-today-and-sputnik-s-broadcasting-in-the-eu/

(specific section)

https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/03/02/eu-imposes-sanctions-on-state-owned-outlets-rt-russia-today-and-sputnik-s-broadcasting-in-the-eu/#:~:text=disinformation%2C%20information%20manipulation%20and%20distortion%20of%20facts

Ofcom (UK Media Regulator):

“Open letter to industry about new restrictions on the provision of certain internet

services to, or for the benefit of, “designated persons””

https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/237218/open-letter-russia-sanctions.pdf

Media Freedom Coalition:

“Who is involved - Member Countries”

https://mediafreedomcoalition.org/who-is-involved/member-countries

UK Government:

“Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and assault on media freedom: Media Freedom Coalition statement, March 2022”

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/russias-invasion-of-ukraine-and-assault-on-media-freedom-media-freedom-coalition-statement-march-2022

Google:

“Helping Ukraine”:

https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/helping-ukraine/

(specific sections)

https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/helping-ukraine/#:~:text=We%20have%20also%20significantly%20limited%20recommendations%20globally%20for%20a%20number%20of%20Russian%20state%2Dfunded%20media%20outlets%20across%20our%20platforms.

https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/helping-ukraine/#:~:text=In%20Europe%2C%20we%20are%20removing%20apps%20from%20Russian%20state%2Dfunded%20media%20beyond%20RT%20and%20Sputnik%20from%20Google%20Play

https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/helping-ukraine/#:~:text=When%20people%20around%20the%20world%20search%20for%20topics%20related%20to%20the%20war%20in%20Ukraine%20on%20Search%20or%20YouTube%2C%20our%20systems%20prominently%20surface%20information%2C%20videos%20and%20other%20key%20context%20from%20authoritative%20news%20sources.

https://blog.google/inside-google/company-announcements/helping-ukraine/#:~:text=As%20part%20of%20our%20standard%20process%20when%20we%20receive%20a%20notice%20of%20illegal%20content%20appearing%20in%20Search%20results%2C%20and%20to%20provide%20transparency%20into%20such%20requests%2C%20we%20submitted%20the%20request%20to%20the%20Lumen%20database.

Lumen Database:

“Government Request Removal Complaint to Google: European Commission →> Google LLC”

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#

(specific sections)

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#:~:text=transmission%20or%20distribution%20by%20any%20means%20such%20as%0Acable%2C%20satellite%2C%20IP%2DTV%2C%20internet%20service%20providers%2C%20internet%20video%2Dsharing%20platforms%20or%0Aapplications

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#:~:text=The%20activity%20of,to%20such%20access.

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#:~:text=It%20follows%20from,in%20the%20EU

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#:~:text=It%20follows%20from%20the%20foregoing%20that%20social,published%20and%2C%20if%20published%2C%20must%20be%20deleted.

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#:~:text=Pursuant%20to%20the%20freedom%20of%20speech%2C%20media%20have%20the%20right%20to%20report%20objectively%20on%20current%20events%0Aand%20to%20form%20their%20opinions%20thereon.%20The%20freedom%20of%20speech%20also%20entails%20that%20users%20have%20the%20right%20to%0Areceive%20objective%20information%20on%20current%20events.

https://lumendatabase.org/notices/26927483#:~:text=At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20the%20right%20to%20free%20speech%20can%20be%0Arestricted%20for%20legitimate%20public%20interests%20in%20a%20proportionate%20manner.

Official Journal of the European Union:

“COUNCIL DECISION (CFSP) 2022/351 of 1 March 2022 amending Decision 2014/512/CFSP concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine”

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32022D0351

(specific section)

“(10) In view of the gravity of the situation, and in response to Russia’s actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine, it is necessary, consistent with the fundamental rights and freedoms recognised in the Charter of Fundamental Rights, in particular with the right to freedom of expression and information as recognised in Article 11 thereof, to introduce further restrictive measures to urgently suspend the broadcasting activities of such media outlets in the Union, or directed at the Union. These measures should be maintained until the aggression against Ukraine is put to an end, and until the Russian Federation, and its associated media outlets, cease to conduct propaganda actions against the Union and its Member States.”

European Parliament:
“Media censorship imposed on Member States by EU regulation | Question for written answer E-001139/2022 by Sandra Pereira”

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-001139_EN.html

“E-001139/2022 | Answer given by Vice-President Jourová”

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2022-001139-ASW_EN.pdf

International Forum for Responsible Media:

“EU silences Russian state media: a step in the wrong direction – Dirk Voorhoof”

https://inforrm.org/2022/05/08/eu-silences-russian-state-media-a-step-in-the-wrong-direction-dirk-voorhoof/

(specific section)

https://inforrm.org/2022/05/08/eu-silences-russian-state-media-a-step-in-the-wrong-direction-dirk-voorhoof/#:~:text=More%20critical%20voices%20opposed%20the%20EU%20ban%20of%20Russian%20media%20when%20the%20EU%20announced%20on%204%20May%202022%20(link)%2C%20the%20day%20after%20World%20Press%20Freedom%20Day%2C%20that%20it%20would%20extend%20the%20ban%20on%20three%20other%20state%2Dcontrolled%20Russian%20media%20outlets.

European Commission - EU Solidarity with Ukraine - via Wayback Machine:

“EU sanctions against Russia following the invasion of Ukraine”

https://web.archive.org/web/20220823113007/https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-sanctions-against-russia-following-invasion-ukraine_en

(specific section)

https://web.archive.org/web/20220823113007/https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-sanctions-against-russia-following-invasion-ukraine_en#:~:text=Russia%20Today%2C%20Sputnik%2C%20Rossiya%20RTR/RTR%20Planeta%2C%20Rossiya%2024/Russia%2024%2C%20and%20TV%20Centre%20International%20in%20or%20directed%20at%20the%20EU%20%E2%80%93%20such%20as%20via%20cable%2C%20satellite%2C%20IPTV%2C%20platforms%2C%20websites%20and%20apps

European Commission - EU Solidarity with Ukraine:

“Sanctions against individuals, companies and organisations - Media – sanctioning disinformation actors”

https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-sanctions-against-russia-following-invasion-ukraine/sanctions-against-individuals-companies-and-organisations_en#:~:text=Media%20%E2%80%93%20sanctioning%20disinformation%20actors

EU Freedom of Expression

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights:

“EU Charter of Fundamental Rights - Article 11 - Freedom of expression and information”

https://fra.europa.eu/en/eu-charter/article/11-freedom-expression-and-information

The Detail on Search Engines

Search Engine Usage Stats

Hubspot:

“The Top 11 Search Engines, Ranked by Popularity”

https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/top-search-engines

GlobalStats - Stat Counter:

“Desktop Search Engine Market Share Worldwide”

https://gs.statcounter.com/search-engine-market-share/desktop/worldwide

Search Engines Censoring Results

Microsoft:

“Digital technology and the war in Ukraine”

https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2022/02/28/ukraine-russia-digital-war-cyberattacks/

(specific section)

https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2022/02/28/ukraine-russia-digital-war-cyberattacks/#:~:text=We%20are%20moving,to%20those%20pages.

Gorilla Marketing:

“The Yahoo Search Engine”

https://gorilla.marketing/search-engines/yahoo-search-engine/

(specific section)

https://gorilla.marketing/search-engines/yahoo-search-engine/#:~:text=After%20initially%20rejecting,difficult%20legal%20environment.

Slate:

“The DuckDuckGo Users Furious at Its Response to the War in Ukraine”

https://slate.com/technology/2022/03/duckduckgo-russian-disinformation-downranking.html

(specific section)

https://slate.com/technology/2022/03/duckduckgo-russian-disinformation-downranking.html#:~:text=Last%20week%2C%20Gabriel,with%20Russian%20disinformation.%E2%80%9D

Atlantic Council - Digital Forensic Research Lab:

“Yandex suppresses Ukraine war information for Russian internet users”

https://medium.com/dfrlab/yandex-suppresses-ukraine-war-information-for-russian-internet-users-caadfed968b5

(specific sections)

https://medium.com/dfrlab/yandex-suppresses-ukraine-war-information-for-russian-internet-users-caadfed968b5#:~:text=Comparison%2C%20using%20a%20US%20IP%20address%2C%20of%20a%20thumbnail%20of%20the%20incident%20commonly%20used%20by%20Russian%20outlets%20(top)%20compared%20to%20the%20reverse%20image%20search%20results%20from%20Yandex%20(bottom).%20None%20of%20the%20images%20returned%20showed%20Marina%20Ovsyannikova%20with%20the%20sign.

https://medium.com/dfrlab/yandex-suppresses-ukraine-war-information-for-russian-internet-users-caadfed968b5#:~:text=Across%20all%20news%20searches%2C%20Yandex%20showed%20a%20clear%20tendency%20to%20amplify%20%E2%80%94%20especially%20within%20the%20top%20ten%20to%20twenty%20results%20%E2%80%94%20propagandist%20and%20pro-Russian%20sites%20such%20as%20iz.ru%2C%20Ukraina.ru%2C%20and%20life.ru%2C%20along%20with%20Russian%20state%20media.

https://medium.com/dfrlab/yandex-suppresses-ukraine-war-information-for-russian-internet-users-caadfed968b5#:~:text=Screenshot%20of%20the%20results%20when%20searching%20for%20BBC.com%20on%20Yandex%20from%20a%20Russian%20IP.%20The%20search%20results%20yield%20a%20message%20that%20reads%2C%20%E2%80%9Cnothing%20was%20found%20for%20your%20request.%E2%80%9D%20(Source%3A%20Yandex%20Search)

https://medium.com/dfrlab/yandex-suppresses-ukraine-war-information-for-russian-internet-users-caadfed968b5#:~:text=Similarly%2C%20searches%20on%20Yandex%20for%20social%20media%20platforms%20banned%20by%20the%20Russian%20government%20return%20zero%20results%20for%20users%20with%20a%20Russian%20IP%20address

Vox:

“The free speech search engine that never was”

https://www.vox.com/recode/22981115/duckduckgo-free-speech-privacy-oops

(specific section)

https://www.vox.com/recode/22981115/duckduckgo-free-speech-privacy-oops#:~:text=DuckDuckGo%20spokesperson%20Kamyl,for%20every%20search.%E2%80%9D

Google’s Past - A Better Record

Google - via Wayback Machine:

“An explanation of our search results.”

https://web.archive.org/web/20070406232706/http:/www.google.com/explanation.html

(specific section)

https://web.archive.org/web/20070406232706/http:/www.google.com/explanation.html#:~:text=Our%20search%20results%20are,influenced%20by%20these%20petitions.

The Guardian (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Scott Trust Limited):

“Google boss: anti-piracy laws would be disaster for free speech”

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/may/18/google-eric-schmidt-piracy

(specific section)

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/may/18/google-eric-schmidt-piracy#:~:text=Google%27s%20executive%20chairman,restrictive%20internet%20regime.

An Alternative - Search Engine Choice

Vivaldi:

“Adding Your Favorite Web Site Search Engines with Vivaldi”

https://vivaldi.com/blog/adding-custom-search-engines/

Brave Search:

“Goggles, Search without limits …”

https://search.brave.com/goggles/discover

You.com:

“You.com - The AI Search Engine You Control”

https://you.com

(specific section)

https://you.com/#:~:text=Your%20Sources,Amazon%20and%20Twitter.

“HOW DOES YOU.COM CHOOSE WHAT SOURCES TO DISPLAY UNDER PREFERRED SOURCES?”

https://about.you.com/hc/desktop/how-does-you-com-choose-what-sources-to-display-under-preferred-sources/

Mojeek:

“Multiple Choice in Search”

https://blog.mojeek.com/2021/09/multiple-choice-in-search.html

(specific section)

https://blog.mojeek.com/2021/09/multiple-choice-in-search.html#:~:text=Net%20neutrality%20is,timeliness%20of%20information.%E2%80%9D

“Freedom to Seek Matters”

https://blog.mojeek.com/2022/05/freedom-to-seek-matters.html

(specific section)

https://blog.mojeek.com/2022/05/freedom-to-seek-matters.html#:~:text=Search%20results%20should,search%20algorithms%20uniformly.

“Nationalising” the Internet

VICE News:

“The ‘Insanely Broad’ RESTRICT Act Could Ban Much More Than Just TikTok”

https://www.vice.com/en/article/4a3ddb/restrict-act-insanely-broad-ban-tiktok-vpns

(specific section)

https://www.vice.com/en/article/4a3ddb/restrict-act-insanely-broad-ban-tiktok-vpns#:~:text=Under%20the%20RESTRICT,Russia%2C%20and%20Venezuela.

US Congress:

“S.686 - RESTRICT Act”

https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/686/text

(specific section)

https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/senate-bill/686/text#:~:text=(2)%20otherwise%20poses%20an%20undue%20or%20unacceptable%20risk%20to%20the%20national%20security%20of%20the%20United%20States%20or%20the%20safety%20of%20United%20States%20persons.

WIRED:

“The UK’s Controversial Online Safety Act Is Now Law”

https://www.wired.com/story/the-uks-controversial-online-safety-act-is-now-law/

(specific section)

https://www.wired.com/story/the-uks-controversial-online-safety-act-is-now-law/#:~:text=Under%20the%20Act,for%20spreading%20falsehoods.

The shift in messaging

UnHerd (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Paul Marshall - Hedge Fund Investor)

“The truth about Ukraine’s far-Right militias”

https://unherd.com/2022/06/the-truth-about-ukraines-nazi-militias/

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Ukraine underplays role of far right in conflict”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30414955

The Nation:

“The Western Media Is Whitewashing the Azov Battalion”

https://www.thenation.com/article/world/azov-battalion-neo-nazi/

(specific section)

https://www.thenation.com/article/world/azov-battalion-neo-nazi/#:~:text=It%20wasn%E2%80%99t%20pretty,by%20the%20Kremlin.

Reuters (Relevant Stakeholder(s): The Woodbridge Company):

“Timeline: The events leading up to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine”

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/events-leading-up-russias-invasion-ukraine-2022-02-28/

(specific section)

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/events-leading-up-russias-invasion-ukraine-2022-02-28/#:~:text=2013%3A%20Yanukovich%27s%20government,annexes%20the%20territory.

DW (Relevant Stakeholder(s): German State):

“What you need to know about the Ukraine-Russia crisis”

https://www.dw.com/en/how-the-ukraine-russia-crisis-reached-a-tipping-point/a-60802626

Radio Free Europe (Relevant Stakeholder(s): US State):

“Was Yanukovych’s Ouster Constitutional?”

https://www.rferl.org/a/was-yanukovychs-ouster-constitutional/25274346.html

Twitter Community Notes Examples

Twitter:

https://twitter.com/LeorSapir/status/1660085592162463744

https://twitter.com/MyLordBebo/status/1659572537200721923

https://twitter.com/UltraDane/status/1659312711338176513

https://twitter.com/Spriter99880/status/1657937979715846144

https://twitter.com/_PistisSophia/status/1657905060569817088

Our Literacy Tips - Definitions

Wikipedia:

“Source (Journalism)”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_(journalism)

Wordnik:

“citation”

https://www.wordnik.com/words/citation

What we didn’t talk about

Hungarian Human Rights Foundation:

“THE SITUATION OF THE HUNGARIAN MINORITY IN UKRAINE”

https://hhrf.org/on-our-radar/hungarians-in-ukraine/

Chapter 9. The Socialisation of War

Ukrainian National Guard - via Twitter:

“Azov fighters of the National Guard greased the bullets with lard against the Kadyrov orcs”

https://twitter.com/ng_ukraine/status/1497924614865002497

Tpyxa News - via Twitter:

“The Armed Forces of Ukraine decided to save the unfortunate Russian invader from the inconvenience”

https://twitter.com/TpyxaNews/status/1576966907638427648

The Castration Case

Gruz200 - via Telegram:

“Ukrainian Pedophile cut off dick and balls”

(link removed from public sources listed due to extreme violent content)

Rybar - via Telegram:

“About the “castration” of a caught Ukrainian pedophile”

https://t.me/rybar/36310

The Insider:

“In the bag. The sadist who tortured the Ukrainian prisoner of war turned out to be a mercenary from the Akhmat battalion Ochur-Suge Mongush”

https://theins.ru/politika/253767

Bellingcat:

“Tracking the Faceless Killers who Mutilated and Executed a Ukrainian POW”

https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/08/05/tracking-the-faceless-killers-who-mutilated-and-executed-a-ukrainian-pow/

(specific section)

https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/08/05/tracking-the-faceless-killers-who-mutilated-and-executed-a-ukrainian-pow/#:~:text=He%20said%20that%20he,go%20after%20two%20days.%E2%80%9D

The Dashcam Case

Two Majors - via Telegram:

“The Ushushniki called the Muslim woman with the child “pig” for overtaking the military column.”

https://t.me/dva_majors/11800

Izvestiya - via Dzen:

““Pig, Marzota”: The Armed Forces of Ukraine scared a Muslim woman with a child to death.”

https://dzen.ru/video/watch/6421d5d6a3772a0a00dfd0bb

RenTV - via YouTube:

“The “Pig, Marzota” of the Armed Forces of Ukraine scared a Muslim woman with a child.”

(link removed from public sources due to eu regulations blocking reproduction of ren-tv content)

TsargradTV:

“THE MILITARY UNIT FIRED AT THE CAR WITH HIS MOTHER AND CHILD BECAUSE OF RUSSIAN SPEECH”

(link removed from public sources due to eu regulations blocking reproduction of tsargrad content)

Russian Embassy, UK - via Twitter:

“military stop a woman with her baby for allegedly violating traffic rules”

https://twitter.com/RussianEmbassy/status/1640321732480315398

Bellingcat:

“How Online Investigators Proved Video of Ukrainian Soldiers Harassing Woman was Staged”

(specific sections)

https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2023/03/29/how-online-investigators-proved-video-of-ukrainian-soldiers-harassing-woman-was-staged/#:~:text=On%20the%20evening%20of%20March%2027%2C%20the%20Twitter%20account%20of%20GeoConfirmed%2C%20a%20volunteer%20community%20who%20has%20been%20geolocating%20videos%20from%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20full-scale%20invasion%20of%20Ukraine%2C%20published%20a%20thread%20detailing%20the%20geolocation%20of%20the%20video%20to%2047.977044%2C%2037.953754.

https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2023/03/29/how-online-investigators-proved-video-of-ukrainian-soldiers-harassing-woman-was-staged/#:~:text=Early%20reactions%20suggested%20that%20the%20footage%2C%20or%20the%20way%20it%20was%20presented%20by%20pro-Russian%20actors%2C%20was%20suspicious.%20Ukrainian%20social%20media%20users%20were%20quick%20to%20note%20that%20dashcams%20had%20been%20banned%20in%20the%20country%20for%20nearly%20a%20year%2C%20in%20attempts%20to%20stop%20the%20spread%20of%20information%20about%20Ukraine%E2%80%99s%20armed%20forces.

Rybar - via Telegram

“Today, another characteristic video appeared on the Web about the attitude of the Armed Forces to those whom the state Ukrainian ideology actually considers second-class people.”

https://t.me/s/rybar/45110

Chapter 10. How does this end?

Russia on the offensive

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Ukraine in maps: Tracking the war with Russia”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-60506682

What Peace Means

Al Jazeera (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Qatari State):

“Russia-Ukraine war: All the proposed peace plans explained - Russia’s plan”

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/4/russia-ukraine-war-all-the-proposed-peace-plans-explained

(specific section)

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/4/russia-ukraine-war-all-the-proposed-peace-plans-explained#:~:text=of%20the%20war.-,Russia%E2%80%99s%20plan,-But%20Ukraine%20is

“What is Zelenskyy’s ‘Victory Plan’ against Russia?”

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/27/what-is-zelenskyys-victory-plan-against-russia

(specific sections)

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/27/what-is-zelenskyys-victory-plan-against-russia#:~:text=Zelenskyy%20mentioned%20Ukraine%E2%80%99s,all%20of%20Crimea.

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/27/what-is-zelenskyys-victory-plan-against-russia#:~:text=Invitation%20to%20Ukraine,of%20the%20war.

The Daily Beast:

“Fox News Edits Out Trump Saying He Might’ve Let Russia ‘Take Over’ Parts of Ukraine”

https://www.thedailybeast.com/fox-news-edits-out-donald-trump-saying-he-mightve-let-russia-take-over-parts-of-ukraine

The Telegraph - via MSN

“Trump’s Ukraine peace plan: British troops patrolling an 800-mile buffer zone”

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/trump-s-ukraine-peace-plan-british-troops-patrolling-an-800-mile-buffer-zone/ar-AA1tGWDs

Kyiv Post:

“Zelensky Suggests Ceding Land for Peace Deal if NATO Protects Majority of Ukraine”

https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43076

France24:

“Zelensky rules out ceding territory in ‘victory plan’ dismissed by Kremlin”

https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20241016-zelensky-excludes-surrendering-territory-in-victory-plan-immediately-dismissed-by-kremlin

On Aid

Statista:

“Which Donor Countries Are Pulling Their Weight in Ukraine Aid?”

https://www.statista.com/chart/28489/ukrainian-military-humanitarian-and-financial-aid-donors/

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Biden allows Ukraine to strike inside Russia with missiles”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c789x0y91vvo

Noncommittal to NATO

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Trump says he would ‘encourage’ Russia to attack Nato allies who do not pay their bills”

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68266447

Illegal Mass Surveillance

The Guardian (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Scott Trust Limited)

“NSA surveillance exposed by Snowden was illegal, court rules seven years on”

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/03/edward-snowden-nsa-surveillance-guardian-court-rules

“Merkel compared NSA to Stasi in heated encounter with Obama”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/17/merkel-compares-nsa-stasi-obama

The US and Russia: Illegal Wars

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Iraq war illegal, says Annan”

https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3661134.stm

United Nations:

“Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is a violation of the UN Charter, UN Chief tells Security Council”

https://unsdg.un.org/latest/announcements/russias-invasion-ukraine-violation-un-charter-un-chief-tells-security-council

United States Senate:

“About Declarations of War by Congress”

https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/declarations-of-war.htm

(specific quote)

“The Constitution grants Congress the sole power to declare war.”

International Criminal Court Project:

“‘Aggression’ in document ‘Russia - Criminal Code’”

https://iccdb.hrlc.net/data/doc/192/keyword/1/

Renaming/Denying Conflicts

Teaching American History - via Wayback Machine:

“The President’s News Conference of June 29, 1950”

https://web.archive.org/web/20101226063925/http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=594

(specific quotes)

“Q. Mr. President, everybody is asking in this country, are we or are we not at war?

THE PRESIDENT. We are not at war.”

“Q. Mr. President, would it be correct, against your explanation, to call this a police action under the United Nations?

THE PRESIDENT. Yes. That is exactly what it amounts to.”

“[15.]Q. Mr. President, when you referred to police action, do I understand you mean United Nations police action?

THE PRESIDENT. I beg your pardon?

Q. When you refer to police action on behalf of Korea, you mean United Nations?

THE PRESIDENT. That is correct. That is correct.”

Chatham House - via Wayback Machine:

“Russia resurgent? Moscow’s campaign to ‘coerce Georgia to peace’ - ROY ALLISON”

https://web.archive.org/web/20110129080855/http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/12445_84_6allison.pdf

(specific quote)

“‘Russia in difficult battles is now conducting a peace coercion operation’, Deputy Foreign Minister Grigory Karasin, 10 Aug. 2008; President Medvedev used the same term in an award ceremony for Russian servicemen who took part in the operation”

TASS (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Russian State):

“About 14,000 people killed during conflict in Donbass, top Ukrainian diplomat says”

https://tass.com/world/1289095

(specific section)

A speech of sin

Kremlin Website:

“An Address by the President of the Russian Federation”

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843

(specific sections)

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843#sel=10:1:Wjv,16:126:lux

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843#sel=33:1:Lqj,33:84:X3x

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843#sel=38:1:Lrw,38:21:okj

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843#sel=37:1:Wyx,37:25:1N3

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843#sel=40:37:Ipx,40:81:loj

http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/67843#sel=33:1:Lqj,33

Proxy Games

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Mali cuts diplomatic ties with Ukraine over Wagner ambush claims”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ceqdd7vdwg7o

CNN:

“Exclusive: Ukraine’s special services ‘likely’ behind strikes on Wagner-backed forces in Sudan, a Ukrainian military source says”

https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/19/africa/ukraine-military-sudan-wagner-cmd-intl/index.html

Kyiv Post:

“Ukrainian Trained, Turkish Sponsored Syrian Rebels Lead Assault on Aleppo”

https://www.kyivpost.com/post/43117

Lost Land

Wikipedia:

“Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine - Timeline”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine#Timeline

The Not-So-Special Relationship

BBC News (Relevant Stakeholder(s): UK State):

“Lammy dismisses past criticism of Trump as ‘old news’”

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cm2z1zm1pk3o

The Guardian (Relevant Stakeholder(s): Scott Trust Limited)

“UK could contribute to nuclear shield if Trump wins, suggests German minister”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/15/uk-europe-nuclear-shield-donald-trump-germany-nato-deterrent

The Evening Standard - via MSN:

“Armistice Day: Starmer and Macron talks on UK and France ramping up Europe’s defence in new Trump era”

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/keir-starmer-in-paris-talks-with-emmanuel-macron-on-uk-and-france-ramping-up-europe-s-defence-in-new-trump-era/ar-AA1tQ7Df

(specific section)

https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/keir-starmer-in-paris-talks-with-emmanuel-macron-on-uk-and-france-ramping-up-europe-s-defence-in-new-trump-era/ar-AA1tQ7Df#:~:text=Amid%20the%20growing,market%20for%20them.%E2%80%9D

Previous Episode’s Sources → Episode 3 Sources

Next Episode’s Sources → Bonus Sources

MEGA: The Ukrainian Divide

Explorer

Episode 4 Sources

Sources for Episode 4: The War for Your Mind

Chapter 6. Misinformation

Multiple Segments

Legality of Russia’s war

The US and the KLA

Recognition of Kosovo independence

Conversations on the “Kosovo Precedent”

Russia denounces bombing of Yugoslavia

Russia orders NATO representative to leave over Yugoslavia bombing

All Russian political factions support government on Kosovo

Yeltsin says “we cannot allow this”

Russian Parliament votes to support Yugoslavia

Russia rejects Kosovo independence

International split on Kosovo independence

Ukraine and Nuclear Weapons

Zelensky’s speech to Munich Security Conference

NPT and Budapest Memorandum

Ukrainian Membership of Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty

Countries with nuclear power plants

Invading countries on bogus WMD claims

The US

Russia

The Legitimacy of the Annexation Referendums

Door to Door voting

In-person voting only for 1 day of 5

Police accompanying Ballot Collectors

“Verbal Voting”

Annexation Line of Control Map

UN Reaction to referendums

Putin and Communism

The Ukraine Creation Myth

“Kiev Regime”?

Proxy War?

The Biolabs

Chapter 7. Genocide

Defining Genocide

Russian Rhetoric

Language Changes

The Data on Deaths

The Dehumanisation Factor

Ukrainian Rhetoric

Forced Transfers

Chapter 8. The First Casualty

Media Trust and Literacy

The China Case Study

Russian Media Crackdown

Western Media Crackdown

EU Freedom of Expression

The Detail on Search Engines

Search Engine Usage Stats

Search Engines Censoring Results

Google’s Past - A Better Record

An Alternative - Search Engine Choice

“Nationalising” the Internet

The shift in messaging

Twitter Community Notes Examples

Our Literacy Tips - Definitions

What we didn’t talk about

Chapter 9. The Socialisation of War

Social Media Bloodsports

The Castration Case

The Dashcam Case

Chapter 10. How does this end?

Russia on the offensive

What Peace Means

On Aid

Noncommittal to NATO

Illegal Mass Surveillance

The US and Russia: Illegal Wars

Renaming/Denying Conflicts

A speech of sin

Proxy Games

Lost Land

The Not-So-Special Relationship

Previous Episode’s Sources → Episode 3 Sources

Next Episode’s Sources → Bonus Sources

Return to Episode 4 Index